Temperate+Grassland

=//__GRASSLANDS__ //= = =

__// Short grass prairies //__

The grasslands in North America are dry, flat and hot with a very cold winter, we call these prairies. The animals that live in the prairies have adapted to the cold winters, constant winds and treeless enviornment. The short grass praires grow where moisture from the pacific ocean is blocked by the mountains. The map below shows the short grass prairies on a world map. The short grass prairies cover most of western America and part of Saskatchewan.



In other parts of the world they can be very tropical places, called Pampas, Steppes, Savannahs and veldts.

//__Climatogram__ //

The average temperature for the prairies is -6C in january and 21C in july. Max precipitation is 100cm and the min is 20cm

The pampas and hot and full of tropical air, as the veldts and savannahs are almost the same they have a very hot, wet season followed by a cooler dry season that can last 8+ months. The only difference is the savannahs and veldts are located in two different hemispheres.
 * The pampas are moist and full of tropical air. Varieties of tall grass grow here because there is alot of rain.
 * In the steppes it is a cold dry climate with short grass and cold winters, the Himalayas block the warm moist air from the Indian ocean. So there is very little precipitation. There is nothing blocking the Arctic winds, this is why winter can get cery cold.
 * Grasslands can be found on every continent exept Antarctica.



//__Enviornmental concerns__ //


 * Conversion to agriculture
 * Global warming causes attendant changes in precipitation
 * Some grasslands are in habitats which are marginal for plant growth. Meaning they are on the verge of being deserts.

__ PLANTAE __


 * Nothoscordum bivalve **



Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida

Order: Amaryllidales Family: Aliaceae Genus: Nothoscordum Species: bivalve

The plants in the class Liliopsida usually have an unbranched stem with a terminal crown of large leaves. Vessel elements are often lacking or sometimes restricted to specific organs.

This plant, like many other plants photosynthesizes to produce its own food energy. These plants reproduce by pollination, that is mediated by wind, water, or a wide variety of animal vectors. Self pollination as well as parthenogenesis, are common. Double fertilization occurs in all members of the phylum to produce the unusual stored food tissue called endosperm.

Website - []


 * Sorghastrum nutans: **



Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poalceae Genus: Sorghastrum Species: nutans

Sorghastrum nutansare also included in the class Magnoliophyta, they are considered ‘Flowering plants’. They reproduce through pollination, Wind, water and animal vectors can make the plant pollinate. The roots of Sorghastrum nutans also known as Indian Grass can reach depths of 7 feet.

//** Equisetum affine- **//



Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Equisetophyta Class: Equisetopsida Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae Genus: Equisetum Species: Affine

Equisetum affine reproduce by releasing spores into the air. The leaves ofhorsetails grow in [|whorls] fused into [|nodal] sheaths. The stems are green and [|photosynthetic], and distinctive in being hollow, jointed and ridged (with sometimes 3 but usually 6-40 ridges) and these are often played with by children who will separate and then seamlessly rejoin the segments. There may or may not be whorls of branches at the nodes; when present, these branches are identical to the main stem except being smaller and more delicate.

// Website - [] //


 * Botrychium ascendens- **



Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Psilotophyta Class: Psilotopsid Order: Ophioglossales Family: Ophioglossaceae Genus: Botrychium Species: ascendens

This is very small plant growing from an underground [|caudex] and sending one yellow-green leaf above the surface of the ground. The leaf is up to 6 centimeters tall and is divided into a sterile and a fertile part. The sterile part of the leaf has fan-shaped or wedge-shaped leaflets. The fertile part of the leaf is very different in shape, with tiny grapelike clusters of [|sporangia] by which it reproduces.

Lupinus perennis- (also Indian beet, Old maid's bonnets, Blue Lupine, andSundial lupine)

Kingdom: Plantae Phylum/: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Papilionaceae Genus: Lupinus Species: perennis

TheLupinus perennisderives only rosette-like radial leaves in the first year of vegetation, Stalks are numerous, erect, striated, slightly [|pubescent]. This plant photosynthesises to create its own food energy. The Lupinus perennis uses pollination to reproduce.

//**__ FUNGAE __**//


 * Coprinus plicatilis- **

Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Basidiomycota Class: Basidiomycetes



Kingdom:Fungi
 * Sordariafimicola- **

Phylum:Ascomycota Class:Ascomycetes



Kingdom: Fungi Phylum: Glomeromycota Class: Glomeromycetes
 * Glomusintraradices **



__ ANEMILIA __ Bison bison- Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia



Heteodera trifolii- Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Secernentea Elaphe gloydi- Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia

Bufo bufo- Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Amphibia

Dipylidium caninum- Kingdom: Anamalia Phylum: Platyhelminthes Class: Cestoda